2.3.4: Explain the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and the Golgi apparatus in protein transport within cells and including its role in formation of extracellular enzymes

1.     transcription of DNA to mRNA within the nucleus

2.     mRNA leaves the nucleus through the porous nuclear envelope

3.     DNA translation on the surface of ribosomes produces (primary) proteins, which are packaged and travel to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

4.     the proteins move the the rough endoplasmic reticulum, assuming a 3D shape (secondary and tertiary)

5.     vesicles pinched off the rER contain the protein

6.     proteins enter the Golgi apparatus

7.     proteins are modified within the Golgi apparatus (quaternary)

8.     vesicles pinched off the Golgi apparatus contain the modified protein

9.     the vesicles fuse with the cell surface membrane and release proteins through exocytosis